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How to do the integration of photovoltaic and building?

Release time:

2023-08-18

Source:

Internet

1. The main form of photovoltaic building integration
At present, the combination of photovoltaic and building mainly has the following two forms:
(1) the combination of building and photovoltaic system. The combination of building and photovoltaic system is to install the packaged photovoltaic module (flat panel or curved panel) on the roof of residential or building, and then connect with inverter, storage battery, controller, load and other devices, and can be connected with the external power grid. The photovoltaic system and the power grid are connected in parallel to supply power to the residence (user), the excess power is fed back to the power grid, and the insufficient power is taken from the power grid.
(2) the combination of buildings and photovoltaic modules. A further combination of building and photovoltaic is the integration of photovoltaic devices and building materials. The general building envelope surface using paint, decorative tiles or curtain wall glass, the purpose is to protect and decorate the building. If photovoltaic devices are used to replace some building materials, that is, photovoltaic modules are used to make roofs, exterior walls and windows of buildings, which can be used as building materials and power generation. The use of photovoltaic devices as building materials must have several conditions required by building materials: strong and durable, thermal insulation, waterproof and moisture-proof, appropriate strength and stiffness. If it is used for windows, skylights, etc., it must be able to transmit light, that is, it can generate electricity and light. In addition, it is also necessary to consider factors such as safety performance, appearance and simplicity of construction.
In addition, when photovoltaic modules are applied in combination with buildings, two important factors should be considered: 1) In order to ensure that photovoltaic modules have higher photoelectric conversion efficiency, the ambient temperature around photovoltaic modules must be kept at a lower level as much as possible. This requires better ventilation conditions around photovoltaic modules. Therefore, when designing and installing photovoltaic modules, can consider the use of overhead form, double ventilation roof or double glass curtain wall form, etc.; 2), the life of photovoltaic modules is usually 15 to 25 years, and the life of the building envelope is usually 50 years, in the design, must consider the removal and replacement requirements after the failure of photovoltaic modules.
2. Several influencing factors of building integrated photovoltaic design
Photovoltaic building integrated grid-connected power generation design should consider the following factors:
(1) Consider the surrounding environment of the building and try to avoid or stay away from shade.
(2) The orientation of the building should be east-west or north-south as far as possible.
(3) according to the local latitude and longitude, determine the inclination angle of the roof. In general, because the earth is constantly rotating around the sun, so the roof tilt angle on the overall solar power generation is not large, generally not more than 5%. The same angle, the same power of solar cells, the East and West House surface power generation is almost equal.
(4) According to the size of the components, calculate the total number and arrangement of components that can be installed on each roof.
(5) According to the input DC voltage of the inverter, determine the total number of each group that can be connected in series. Due to the different orientation of each roof, the amount of light and the time of light are different. Generally, one roof corresponds to one inverter to improve the efficiency of the inverter.